Annual Report 2025
A Message from the Board of Directors The year 2025 marked a pivotal moment for governance and anti-corruption reform in Malaysia. Public expectations for accountability remained high, yet progress toward meaningful institutional reform continued to lag behind political rhetoric. While commitments to integrity and transparency were frequently reiterated by those in power, the absence of […]
Searching for a Remedy: Assessing Malaysia’s Government Procurements Appeals and Grievance Mechanism
On 25 August 2025, the Government Procurement Bill was tabled for its first reading in the DewanRakyat. Within a short span of time, it proceeded through its second and third readings, and wassubsequently passed by both Houses of Parliament. The resulting Government Procurement Act (GPA)2025 now awaits gazettement before it comes into force. The passage […]
Malaysia’s Steel Industry and Climate Commitments: Governance, Gaps, & Pathways
Malaysia has committed to strengthening its climate ambition through Nationally Determined Contribution since 2016. Yet, significant challenges from hard-to-abate industries remain. While the steel industry plays a critical role in national development, it is also among Malaysia’s largest industrial sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, Malaysia’s climate governance remains underdeveloped. The […]
Who Holds the MACC Accountable?
Improving Oversight of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission In Malaysia, corruption is a major public interest issue. According to the National Anti-Corruption Strategy 2024-2028, the cumulative estimated loss of Malaysia’s Gross Domestic Product between 2019 to 2023 was RM277 billion. In the past decade alone, numerous corruption scandals have come to light, costing billions in public […]
Navigating Reform: Challenges and Opportunities in the National Anti-Corruption Strategy 2024-2028
In May 2024, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim launched the National Anti-Corruption Strategy 2024–2028 (NACS), a policy programme that seeks to address corruption through a slew of strategies targeted at improving governance and accountability of public service administration. However, the NACS is less ambitious in scope to its predecessor, the National Anti-Corruption Plan 2019-2023, and relies […]
COVID-19 and Governance: A Qualitative Study on Government Aid with Communities from Bentong, Pahang and Selayang.
The COVID-19 pandemic saw a global health crisis with far-reaching effects that extended beyond the areas of health alone. Communities that were already disadvantaged were more adversely affected such as the B40 group, women, and children of schooling age – all faced problems relating to loss of income or decrease in quality of life. The […]
MyGov Reform Tracker Report
C4 Center started tracking developments on the implementation of the NACP since it was launched. A total of 11 out of the 115 initiatives are being tracked by C4 Center. Two other initiatives which are not part of the NACP, (Anti-Party Hopping Law and Environmental Governance) are also being tracked and included in this report […]
Gaps in the Act: A Legal Analysis of Malaysia’s Current Whistleblower Protection Laws
(C4 Center Report) C4 Center had in 2021 commissioned a research titled, “Gaps in the Act: A Legal Analysis of Malaysia’s Current Whistleblower Laws”. The research is a comprehensive overview of the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010, its gaps, and includes several case studies that illustrate the problems with the current legislation. The main objective behind […]
C4 Center Report: Citizens against corruption, complacency, crime, and climate crisis
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2018, China’s National Sword Policy came into effect, banning 24 types of solid waste imports to the country including plastic and paper waste. This caused a global disruption of the market for recyclable material and redirected plastic waste to Southeast Asia and other developing countries with weaker regulatory frameworks and less technical […]
Conflict of Interest: Preventing Political Patronage and Corruption in Malaysia
Conflict of interest (COI) and political patronage have dominated our country’s economic and political landscape for decades, permeating every level of government and society. While practices such as government procurement, award of contracts and appointments to certain position are legal due to public policies and laws, they are by no means ethical. The task to […]