Briefing Note: Government Procurement Act
On 28 August 2025, the Dewan Rakyat passed the Government Procurement Bill 2025, billed as a major reform that will strengthen transparency and accountability in the procurement system. This follows decades of high-profile scandals that have seen huge financial and infrastructural losses and wastage, such as procurement scandals involving Scorpene submarines, littoral combat ships, and […]
Briefing Notes: Amendments to Whistleblower Protection Act 2010
On 22 July 2025, the Dewan Rakyat passed the Whistleblower Protection (Amendment) Act 2025 – the culmination of concerted efforts by civil society organisations, activists, and academics who have criticised the limitations of the existing mechanisms under the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010. Below is a briefing note, providing context to the recent amendments. It outlines […]
Policy Brief: Ending Waste Colonialism, Governing Plastic Pollution
On the 4th of April 2024, C4 Center launched a report titled, “Ending Waste Colonialism, Governing Plastic Pollution: Japan’s Opportunity to Lead Asia out of the Plastic Crisis,” where we highlight the hidden impact of waste colonialism in Malaysia stemming from massive imports of plastic waste from Japan. Below is the policy brief of the […]
C4 Center Brief No. 2: Counting the Costs for Human Rights and the Environment
THE WASTE TRADE China’s import ban on waste materials disrupted the global market for recyclable material, leading to an influx of, most noticeably, plastic waste to Southeast Asian countries. In 2018, Malaysia became the world’s top destination for plastic waste exports after China’s ban, with more than 850,000 tonnes of plastic waste including municipal waste […]
C4 Center Brief No. 2: Counting the Costs for Human Rights and the Environment
THE WASTE TRADE China’s import ban on waste materials disrupted the global market for recyclable material, leading to an influx of, most noticeably, plastic waste to Southeast Asian countries. In 2018, Malaysia became the world’s top destination for plastic waste exports after China’s ban, with more than 850,000 tonnes of plastic waste including municipal waste […]
C4 Center Brief No. 1: Good Governance and the Global Plastic Waste Trade
OVERVIEW China’s ban on waste materials disrupted the global market for recyclable material, leading to an influx of waste to Southeast Asian countries. Research was carried out from November 2019 to March 2021 to examine the value chains of the import, transport, and processing of plastic waste in recycling facilities in Malaysia, and to trace […]